摘要：东亚与东南亚地区的古人类基因组、人类迁徙与互动历史一直没有得到很好的描述，在一定程度上是由于古代DNA在高温潮湿地区不易于保存。近期，由多家单位联合组成的研究团队运用古核基因组捕获技术，从广西170个人类遗骸中成功捕获30例距今10,686-294年的人类古基因组，及福建1例距今11,747年的人类古基因组。这是迄今为止东亚南方与东南亚地区所获得的最早的人类古基因组数据。该研究揭示距今1.1万年前亚洲人群的多样性，以广西“隆林人”为代表的相关古老东亚人群，这是此前从未观察到、也没对现今南北人群做出贡献的未知古老东亚人群；研究表明，我国南方广西、福建地区人群的演化与变迁历史，凸显了广西地区是东亚与东南亚人群遗传交流的关键区域，在亚洲人群演化中具有重要地位；研究还发现，该地区6000年以后发生了人群的更替，为溯源我国少数民族历史提供了重要线索。该研究对于填补东亚和东南亚史前人群的互动历史细节、修正东亚南方人群的演化模式具有重要科学意义。

Abstract: Past human genetic diversity and migration between southern China and Southeast Asia have not been well characterized, in part due to poor preservation of ancient DNA in hot and humid regions. We sequenced 31 ancient genomes from southern China (Guangxi and Fujian), including two 12,000- to 10,000-year-old individuals representing the oldest humans sequenced from southern China. We discovered a deeply diverged East Asian ancestry in the Guangxi region that persisted until at least 6,000 years ago. We found that 9,000- to 6,000-year-old Guangxi populations were a mixture of local ancestry, southern ancestry previously sampled in Fujian, and deep Asian ancestry related to Southeast Asian Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers, showing broad admixture in the region predating the appearance of farming. Historical Guangxi populations dating to 1,500 to 500 years ago are closely related to Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien speakers. Our results show heavy interactions among three distinct ancestries at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia.

（作者简介：王伟<共同一作>，山东大学文化遗产研究院，特聘教授。）

文章来源：Cell, 184, 1–13,2021

文章链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.018